Paul - Sylv is right - they should work fine with a double, as the spacing between chainrings is the same. You'll just need to adjust the end stops on the derrailleur. And maybe adjust the cable tension so that you use the first two positions of the shifter, then the third position is "locked out" by the derailleur.
Brett is also "right" you may be able to use a bottom bracket with a shorter axle. This will bring the pedals closer together (Reduce the "Q factor") which, for most people, makes pedalling more comfortable and efficient. To minimise expense, this may not be necessary.
Is the weight saving of 1 small chainring worth all the hassle?
Sylv - I'm pretty sure it's a design feature of the STI system to allow the (narrower) road front derailleur to be "trimmed" to eliminate chain rub across the full range of the cassette. I have thought about modifying the pullarm/leverage on an old front derailleur (yes, I am just showing off that I can spell derailleur
) so that I could use this feature to run a triple chainring on my frankenbike